This paper systematically explores how the low-altitude economy, through deep integration with the real economy and the digital economy (“Digital-Real Integration”), collaboratively promotes the formation of new quality productive forces, and analyzes the critical role of Specialized, Sophisticated, Distinctive, and Innovative (SSDI) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within this context. Research indicates a bidirectional and mutually reinforcing relationship between the low-altitude economy and digital-real integration, where the development of the low-altitude economy relies on enabling digital technologies such as high-precision navigation, intelligent air traffic management, and digital twins; simultaneously, the massive data and diverse scenarios it generates provide a crucial testing ground for digital technology innovation and implementation. SSDI SMEs demonstrate significant vitality in niche UAV sectors, specialized solutions, and regional service network construction. To foster the ternary synergy among the low-altitude economy, digital-real integration, and new quality productive forces, efforts should focus on building data trading markets and secure channels, constructing intelligent integrated infrastructure, and creating comprehensive management platforms. Current challenges include technology maturity, safety regulation, airspace supply, and business model sustainability. Future work requires enhanced systematic planning, optimized regulatory environments, the construction of a collaborative ecosystem, and the promotion of new quality productive forces development.