Taking Xuzhou in Jiangsu as the research object, this paper deeply explores the optimization path of prefectural-level financial resource allocation under the background of urban-rural integration development. Through the research on the current situation and practical strategies of financial construction in Xuzhou, this paper finds that financial resources can support urban-rural integration development by optimizing factor allocation, upgrading industrial synergy, and improving services and ecology. Innovative financial products proposed by Xuzhou, such as “Cold Storage Loan” and “Equipment Guarantee”, have shown effects in promoting the flow of urban-rural factors and industrial integration. However, the Xuzhou region is still facing problems such as weak rural financial infrastructure, insufficient coverage of inclusive finance, and obstacles to property right mortgage and circulation. In this regard, this paper puts forward multiple strategies to enhance financial support for urban-rural integration development, so as to provide reference for financial support for urban-rural integration development in similar regions in Jiangsu and even the whole country.