As a core driver of high-quality regional economic development in the new era, new productive forces have increasingly become an essential direction for promoting industrial upgrading and talent cultivation. Against the backdrop of accelerating regional economic transformation and technological innovation, building regional Government–University–Enterprise synergy communities has emerged as a key pathway for fostering these new productive forces. This paper systematically analyzes the prominent challenges in the process of Government–University–Enterprise synergy, including insufficient collaborative motivation, underdeveloped cooperation mechanisms, and uneven resource allocation. It proposes strategic pathways to address these issues: multi-pronged approaches to stimulate stakeholder participation, demand-driven improvements to enhance cooperation mechanisms, and diversified channels to integrate and optimize resource allocation. By leveraging multi-stakeholder collaboration, institutional innovation, and resource sharing, the framework aims to enhance collaborative innovation capabilities and promote the cultivation of new productive forces and industrial upgrading in regional economies. This research provides both theoretical support and practical reference for deepening Government–University–Enterprise synergy and building regional Government–University–Enterprise synergy communities.