Against the backdrop of accelerated global sustainable development, market competition has gradually transformed into comprehensive competition centered on corporate sustainable capabilities and brand soft power. ESG governance has evolved into a core strategic carrier for enterprises to achieve long-term brand value appreciation. The traditional brand development model, which relies on scale expansion and short-term marketing, suffers from prominent homogeneity, insufficient value accumulation, and weak risk resistance. By optimizing corporate operational systems from environmental, social, and governance dimensions, ESG governance can effectively compensate for the inherent deficiencies of traditional brand construction. From the perspective of sustainable development, this paper clarifies the internal correlation between ESG governance and brand value enhancement, summarizes the practical dilemmas encountered in enterprise brand construction empowered by ESG, and constructs a systematic brand value appreciation path from four dimensions: strategic integration, multi-dimensional governance, value transformation, and ecological guarantee. The research conclusions can provide theoretical references for domestic enterprises to optimize brand development models and promote high-quality brand development.