Against the backdrop of economic globalization and China’s deepening reform and opening up, the construction of pilot free trade zones and free trade ports is flourishing. The high-quality development of enterprises is their core goal, and talent cultivation in universities plays a key role in promoting the high-quality development of enterprises in pilot free trade zones and free trade ports. The study thoroughly analyzes the close relationship between the two, points out the current problems, and proposes forward-looking, targeted, and actionable strategies to promote mutual cooperation and contribute to the high-quality development of China’s economy.