The Hermitage of Santa Marina in Villamartín de Sotoscueva (Burgos) as a Refuge for the Community: To Protect a Building with Writings and Paintings in 1456 — A Secondary Publication

José Miguel Lorenzo Arribas

Show Less

¹ The Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense, s/n, Moncloa-Aravaca, 28040 Madrid, Spain,

ssr 2024 , 6(5), 193–206; https://doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i5.7048

Abstract

The Marina was built by the council of Villamartín de Sotoscueva (Burgos) in 1456, according to the inscription painted on its apse. This paper states that this hermitage was built in a violent environment by the nobility’s onslaught against the council powers, and the neighborhood protected its interior and exterior with a series of surprising mural paintings of an apotropaic nature, as well as the roof, through a tile inscribed with verses from the Poem of Fernán González, contemporary to the building. All of this responds to concepts inscribed in the popular culture of the medieval imaginary, expressed through visual and written clues.

References

Saavedra TR, 2017, Intervention report: Mural paintings of the hermitage of Santa Marina Villamartín de Sotoscueva (Burgos). Castilla and Leon Meeting (unpublished).

Serrano L, 2011, The Bishopric of Burgos and early Castile, from the 5th to the 13th Century. Valencia Institute of Don Juan, Madrid.

Velázquez I, 2006, The roof of Villamartín de Sotoscueva (Burgos): the Oldest Verses of the Poem of Fernán González, Segovia. Foundation of the Spanish and Leonean Institute of the Language.

Paulino ME, 2013, Architectural Sponsorship and Territorial Policy in Early Medieval Castile: The Case of the Fernández de Velasco, in The Arts and the Architecture of Power Castellón. Jaume I University, 2013(1): 165–184.

Moreno OA, 1994, Government and Performance of the Velascos in the Merindad of Old Castile at the end of the Middle Ages. Medieval History and Archeology Studies, 1994(10): 121–137. https://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/10675

Floranes RD, 2002, Origin of the Studies of Castile, especially those of Valladolid and Palencia in which its Greatest Antiquity is Vindicated. Valencia, Maxtor.

Franco SA, 2003, The Defense of the Territory and the Formation of a Stately Hos. Archeology and Medieval Territory, 10(2): 121–144.

Cadiñanos BI, 2002, The Bridges in the North of the Province of Burgos during the Modern Age (II). Bulletin of the Fernán González Institution, 2002(225): 375–400.

Díaz DDODU, José R, 1984–1985, The Municipal Reform of the Catholic Monarchs and the Consolidation of Urban Oligarchies: The Victorian Capitulation of 1476 and its Extension through the Northeast of the Crown of Castile, in The Formation of Álava. 650th Anniversary of the Arriaga Pact (1332–1982). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Provincial Council of Álava, 213–237.

Lahoz G, María L, 1997, Promotion and Noble Patronage in the Gothic of Álava: Sancho the Wise. Basque Culture and Research Magazine, 1997(7): 293–312. https://dial- net.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=157580

Pérez GM, 1998, Medieval Latin Inscriptions in the Province of Zamora: Linguistic study of Minerva. Magazine of Classical Philology, 1998(12): 133–159. https://revis- tas.uva.es/index.php/minerva/article/view/2977

Rodríguez M, José M, n.d., Zamora. Church of San Cipriano, in Garcaí Guinea.

Nuño GJ, 2002, Zamora: Church of St. Cyprian, in Garcia Guinea, Encyclopedia of the Romance in Castile and Leon, Foundation of Real Santa Maraí, 643–646.

García LV, Martín L, 1996, Advertising Writing in the Middle Ages: its Functionality. Humanistic Studies (Geography, History, and Art), 1996(18): 125–146.

Calleja HJ, 2008, Leonine Hexameter in Villamartín de Sotoscueva (Burgos), in Donum Amicitiae: Studies in Tribute to Professor Vicente Picón García. Autonomous University of Madrid, 259–266.

Gomez O, Francisco J, 2010, The Thousand and One Churches of the Diocese of Burgos. Mount Carmel, Burgos.

Guerra GM, 1973, European and Sotoscuevensian Religious Constants (Ojo Guareña, Birthplace of Castile). Aldecoa, Burgos.

Valdivieso A, Jaime L, Mythical Trees in the Province of Burgos. Folklore Magazine, 2002(253): 5–9. http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/arboles-miticos-en-la-provincia-de-burgos/

Ortega M, Ana I, 1986, Legends and Beliefs about the Cavities of the Guarena Karst Eye, Kaite. Burgos Caving Studies, 4(5): 391–396.

Ortega M, Ana I, 1988, Legends and Beliefs of the Merindad of Sotoscueva and Surroundings (Burgos), in University and Ethnology (III meeting in Castile and León. Salamanca, 151–166.

Maura A, 1987, A Tile from the 14th Century Could Serve to Reveal the Author of the Poem by Fernán González. ABC, 56–57.

Duque A, 2007, How a Hero is Exalted: The Prayer of the Castilians (105–113) in the Poem of Fernán González and its Relationship with the Door of the Last Judgment of the Cathedral of León. Journal of Medieval Hispanic Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, 35(2): 209–226.

Alonso A, 2007, Tile with Stanzas from the Poem of Fernán González, in The Man to the Legend. State Society of Cultural Commemorations, 319.

Ruiz A, José M, 1989, The Manuscript of the Poem of Fernán González: Codicological and Paleographic Study, in Poem by Fernán González. Burgos City Council, Burgos, 91–104.

Gómez NJ, A Latin liturgical “Ordo” Converted into Romance Literature: the Ordo Commendationis Animae in Spanish Epic. Hispanic Philology Notebooks, 2015(33): 89–104. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/DICE/article/view/48352

Bamford H, 2018, Fragment and Referent in Material Texts Identified as the Book of Good Love. A Journal of Medieval Hispanic Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, 47(1): 73–95.

Gwara J, 2004, The Poema of Fernán González, the Villamartín Tile and the Diffusion of Cuaderna via Verse, in Historicist Essays on Hispano-Medieval Narrative. Modern Humanities Research Association, London, 115–134.

Argandoña OP, Tiles and bricks with engravings, from Navarre, Kobie. Cultural Anthropology, 2011(15): 167–180. https://www.bizkaia.eus/kultura/ondrea/kobie/argitalpenak.asp?ID=80&imagen=Koibe%20logo.png&serieID=5

Veiga A, 2016, Transmission and Textual Genealogy of Poem by Fernán González, Moenia. Lugo Journal of Linguistics & Literature, 2016(22): 143–179. https://revistas.usc.gal/index.php/moenia/article/view/3384

Hernando PJ, 1986, New Data for the Study of Poem by Fernán González. Bulletin of the Royal Spanish Academy, 66(237): 135–152.

Hernando PJ, 1995, Hispanic Diego García in the Interpretation of the Óstrakon de Villamartín on the Poem of Fernán González, Burgense. Collectanea Scientifica, 36(1): 107–130.

Veiga A, 1999, The Escurial Copy and the Problematic Textual Transmission of Fernán González’s Poem, in Bounded by a Common Sand. University of Santiago de Compostela, 1999(1): 73–93.

Lorenzo AJ, 2019, Defending the Church of Santiago de Peñalba: A Roof Slab with a 12th-century Apotropaic Inscription. Bierzo, 24–31.

Martínez GE, 2011, Talking roof tiles, The Rioja. Lizarra Graphics.

Vicario SM, 1988, Census-Guide to the Parish Archives of the Diocese of Burgos. Publications of the Archbishopric of Burgos.

Pérez G, Silvia M, 2012, Women and Brotherhoods in Andalusia at the end of the Middle Ages. Institutions Documents, 2012(39): 185–211. https://revistascientifi- cas.us.es/index.php/HID/article/view/4091

Vidaurrázaga I, José L, 1975, Alavés Nobility of Fray Juan de Victoria, 16th century. The Great Basque Encyclopedia, Bilbao.

López MT, 1947, The Chapel of the Visitation and Bishop D. Alonso of Cartagena, Alonso of Cartagena. Bulletin of the Fernán González Institution and the Provincial Commission of Historical and Artistic Monuments of Burgos, 26(101): 632–643.

Martínez M, 1866, History of the Cathedral Temple of Burgos, Written According to Documents from its Archive. Don Anselmo Revilla’s printing press, Burgos.

Flórez E, 1766, Sacred Spain, Vol. XXVI, the Ancient State of the Churches of Auca, Valpuesta, and Burgos, Justified with Legitimate Instruments, and Unpublished Memoirs. Office of Pedro Marín, Madrid.

Vicario SM, 2014, Catalog of the Brotherhood Archives of the Diocese of Burgos, Vol. III. Association of Church Archivists in Spain.

Lorenzo AJ, 2018, Fascist Graphics of Italian Combatants (German and Spanish) in the Spanish Civil War in the Provinces of Burgos, Soria, and Madrid. Other Archaeology, 2018(3): 59–76. http://revistas.jasarqueologia.es/index.php/otarq/article/view/182

Lorenzo AJ, 2020, Solomon’s Knot. Digital Magazine of Medieval Iconography, 2020(22): 38. https://www.ucm.es/bdiconografiamedieval/numero-22

Lorenzo AJ, 2021, Transcendent Scratches: Apotropaic Imaginary on the Walls, beyond Iconography, in Magical and Supernatural, Beliefs and Superstitions in the Romanesque period. Santa María la Real Foundation of Historical Heritage, 175–211.

Lorenzo AJ, 2015, Historical-Artistic Study, and Diagnosis of the State of Conservation, of the Mural Paintings of the Hermitage of Villamartní de Sotoscueva in Burgos. Castilla and Leon Meeting (unpublished).

Lorenzo AJ, 2017, Monumental Maniculae: Translation of Book Signs to Medieval Mural Ensembles, in Studies on Manuscripts and Printed Works between the eighth and nineteenth Centuries. Presses of the University of Zaragoza, 207–220.

Pereyra VO, 2013, City-village Relations in Trasmiera and Eastern Cantabria: Lineages, Kinships, and Clienteles in the Framework of the Lordship of the Constables (14th–16th centuries). Agrarian World, 14(27): 46. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/35410

Martínez HS, 1991, Poem by Fernán González. Espasa-Calpe.

Previous article in this issue

Next article in this issue