With rapid urbanization and motorization, the number of motor vehicles in China has exceeded 430 million as of 2023, leading to severe urban smog and traffic congestion. Many cities have implemented traffic restriction policies to mitigate these issues. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these policies from a public administration perspective, employing literature analysis, case studies, and policy evaluation methods. The findings indicate that such policies significantly improve air quality and reduce traffic congestion in the short term. However, challenges remain in policy design, enforcement, equity, and public acceptance. The study proposes innovative measures such as dynamic restriction mechanisms, enhanced public participation, and integrated governance strategies to improve policy sustainability and scientific rigor.