The intensification of population aging and the emergence of the silver economy have made it an inevitable trend for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to participate in the elderly care service industry. By systematically analyzing the opportunities and risks of participation of state-owned enterprises in the service sector, the paper identifies the advantages and disadvantages of participation in the service sector, and proposes further strategic options. The study aims to provide practical reference for State-owned enterprises to organize their services in an orderly manner and to achieve synergy between their own development and industrial upgrading, while supporting the high-quality development of the service sector in support of the elderly and addressing the challenges of population ageing.