In the context of increasingly stringent global environmental regulations, paper enterprises need to optimize supply chain management and improve green supply chain performance to achieve a balance between economic benefits and environmental sustainability. This paper builds a green supply chain performance evaluation system based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), selects three dimensions of economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance, and calculates the index weight through expert scoring and consistency tests. The results show that economic performance (0.56) is the dominant factor in enterprise decision-making, and the energy consumption reduction rate (0.45) and production cost reduction rate (0.30) are the core factors. The environmental performance (0.29) is followed by the carbon emission reduction rate (0.50), which indicates that enterprises have invested in energy conservation and emission reduction but still need to optimize; Social performance (0.15) has the lowest weight, and supply chain transparency and social responsibility implementation still need to be strengthened. The final performance score of 76.9 indicates that the enterprise has achieved some results in green supply chain management, but there is still room for improvement in green product promotion, carbon footprint optimization, social responsibility fulfillment, and other aspects. In this paper, short-term optimization strategies (energy saving, consumption reduction, recycling efficiency improvement) and long-term optimization strategies (intelligent green supply chain, carbon neutral supply chain construction) are proposed to provide decision support for the green transformation of paper enterprises.