Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of the platform economy, new forms of employment have emerged swiftly. Under this situation, the number of workers has surged, especially flexible employment groups such as online car-hailing drivers, live streamers, and food delivery workers, who have begun to occupy an important position in the social employment structure. New forms of employment have created a large number of job opportunities, effectively solving the employment problems of new entrants and facilitating people’s lives. However, these new forms of employment have also encountered certain obstacles and challenges in their development. Issues such as the identification of labor relations and labor protection measures for these flexibly employed workers are becoming increasingly prominent, with food delivery workers being a typical example. Taking food delivery workers as an example, this article deeply explores the current situation of labor rights protection for food delivery workers in the context of new forms of employment and proposes corresponding countermeasures, aiming to provide theoretical and practical support for the construction of socialist rule of law in the field of social law.