Under the general trend of digital transformation in the publishing industry, artificial intelligence (AI), relying on core technologies such as natural language processing, knowledge graphs, and multimodal recognition, has deeply penetrated the entire process of book editing and proofreading. It effectively addresses many pain points of traditional manual editing and proofreading, such as low efficiency, high error omission rate, high labor costs, and poor adaptability in professional fields, promoting the transformation of editing and proofreading from a purely manual mode to a human-machine collaborative mode, and injecting new momentum into the quality and efficiency improvement of the publishing industry. Combining the practical work of book publishing, this paper sorts out the core application scenarios and practical advantages of AI in editing and proofreading, analyzes the practical problems existing in the current application process, such as limitations in semantic understanding, content security risks, insufficient technical adaptability, shortage of compound talents, and lack of industry norms, and puts forward targeted optimized application paths. It aims to assist the in-depth integration of AI and book editing and proofreading work, and promote the steady development of the publishing industry towards intelligence and high quality.