In light of the continuous deepening of the Digital China strategy and its intertwining with the modernization of the national governance system, profound changes have been witnessed in the field of public services. Digital transformation, as a core driving force, provides critical impetus for enhancing public service efficiency and breaking through supply bottlenecks. The support of public services is essential for maintaining people’s well-being and social equity, with their operational efficiency significantly influencing citizens’ experiences and government management effectiveness. In China’s public services, the enabling mechanisms of digital transformation have been revealed through the technology-organization-environment framework and collaborative governance theory. Multiple practical cases demonstrate that such transformation can substantially improve service efficiency, yet current public service transformations face multiple obstacles, particularly issues like inefficient processes, isolated information, and technological disparities. Digital transformation opens new avenues for enhancing service efficiency, necessitating the construction of solutions that integrate technology-driven approaches, process reengineering, multi-party collaboration, and security assurances. Digital technologies are aiding government departments in innovating their service models.