Against the backdrop of increasingly frequent cross-cultural exchanges and the rapid development of new media technologies, the channels for the international dissemination of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) continue to expand, and the forms of dissemination are constantly innovating, creating more favorable opportunities for ICH to reach the international stage. However, it also faces numerous practical challenges, such as cultural cognitive barriers and superficial dissemination models, which make it difficult for the cultural value of ICH to effectively penetrate overseas markets. Based on cross-cultural communication theory and considering the current development status of China’s ICH international dissemination, this paper systematically analyzes the pain points and dilemmas in the dissemination process. It proposes optimization strategies for the international communication of ICH that are suitable for cross-cultural contexts from the aspects of cultural core exploration, dissemination model innovation, channel system construction, and international cooperation deepening. The aim is to enhance the international communication power and influence of China’s ICH and help outstanding traditional Chinese culture go global and integrate into the global civilization system.