Impact of Labor Mobility on Economic Growth: A Comparative Study between Egypt and Vietnam
Abstract
This paper will discuss how labor mobility accelerates economic growth based on a comparative study between Egypt and Vietnam during the period of 2009 to 2019 from the Index of Economic Freedom. This paper is based on analyzing the four main pillars of economic freedom. Using the Heritage Foundation to assess the labor mobility in both Egypt and Vietnam, both countries were considered as mostly unfree with an overall score of 52.5% with a world rank of 144 and an overall score of 55.3% with a world rank of 128, respectively. Lastly, this paper will investigate, propose, and recommend ways for Vietnam and Egypt to accelerate their growths via restructuring the labor market during the period of 2008 till 2018.
Author Biography
Doaa Salman, Ph D, is a professor of Economics at October University for Managements and Arts (MSA), Egypt. She is the head of economics department and the Vice dean for community services and environmental affairs at Egypt. Her main research interest is in international trade and development. And she has several publication in this field. Further, she is expert in entrepreneurial empowerment and sustainable environmental policies. Her research appears in journals Such As: future business journal, European Journal of Economics, Finance, Journal of International Business & Finance and International Journal of Green Economics .She has a wide variety of teaching and professional experiences.  Dr. Doaa as a certified trainer she participated in Education Development Program for Egyptian universities (EDU Egypt)  for three consecutive years. She is also a fellow in British of higher education. She is a member in the FEMISE women Euro Med institutes. She has also been the editor of volumes in well-known publishers such as Elsevier, Emerald
Â
References
Worldometer, 2020, Population by Country. https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/population-by-country/ (updated August 11, 2020).
OECD S, Outlook E, 2005, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Publishing. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/egy/
Trading economics, 2020, Vietnam’s Percent of Firms Using Technology Licensed from Foreign Companies. https://tradingeconomics.com/vietnam/percent-of-firms-usingtechnology-licensed-from-foreign-companies-wb-data.html
Justesen MK, 2008, The Effect of Economic Freedom on Growth Revisited: New Evidence on Causality from a Panel of Countries 1970-1999. European Journal of Political Economy, 24(3): 642-60.
World Bank, 2005, The World Bank Annual Report 2005, The World Bank, Washington, DC, 3.
Calmfors L, Driffill J, 1988, Bargaining Structure, Corporatism and Macroeconomic Performance. Economic Policy, 3(6): 13-61.
Abowd JM, Freeman RB, 1988, Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market, National Bureau of Economic Research.
De Haan J, Lundström S, Sturm JE, 2006, Market?Oriented Institutions and Policies and Economic Growth: A Critical Survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 20(2): 157-91.
Barro RJ, 1997, Determinants of Economic Growth, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Briault C, 1995, The Cost of Inflation, Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, 1-11.
Country Rankings, 2019 Index of Economic Freedom. The Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking (accessed on February 28, 2020).
Newman C, Tarp F, Van Den Broeck K, 2015, Property Rights and Productivity: The Case of Joint Land Titling in Vietnam. Land Economics, 91(1): 91-105.
Hosny A, Kandil M, Mohtadi H, 2013, The Egyptian Economy Post-Revolution: Sectoral Diagnosis of Potential Strengths and Binding Constraints. Working Papers 767, Economic Research Forum. https://ideas.repec.org/p/erg/wpaper/767.html
2017, A Look at Vietnam’s Legal System. Oxford Business Group. https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/law-land-look-country%E2%80%99s-legal-system
Auf Y, 2018, The Battle Over Appointing Judges in Egypt. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/75274
2020, Corruption Perception Index. https://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview
Nguyen D, 2018, Vietnamese Spend Most of Their Income on Food and Drinks. VN Express. https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/data-speaks/vietnamese-spend-most-of-their-income-on-food-and-drinks-3832981.html
2018, Egypt Implements 2018/19 Budget with More Expenditures on Health, Education. Ahram Online. http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/305965/Business/Economy/Egypt-implements--budget-with-more-expenditures-on.aspx
2019, Egypt Personal Income Tax Rate. Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/egypt/personal-income-tax-rate
Pekerti A, Vuong QH, Manh HT, et al., 2017, Health Care Payments in Vietnam: Patients’ Quagmire of Caring for Health versus Economic Destitution. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 14(10): 1118. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664619/
2011, Vietnam’s Employee-Friendly Labor Laws. Fisher Phillips. https://www.fisherphillips.com/Cross-Border-Employer/Vietname28099s-Employee-Friendly-Labor-Laws
Ettner SL, Frank RG, Kessler RC, 1997, The Impact of Psychiatric Disorders on Labor Market Outcomes. Industrial and Labor Relations, Sage Publications, Inc., 51(1): 66-81.
Eaton WDA (eds) 1991, Panic and Phobia, in Psychiatric Disorders in America, Robins L, Reiger D.
French MT, 1998, Mental Health, Absenteeism, and Earnings at a Large Manufacturing Worksite. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, : 161-72.
2017, Everything you Need to Know About Egypt’s Labor Law. WUZZUF Blog. http://blog.wuzzuf.net/2017/11/13/egypt-labor-law/
