With the continuous development of modern educational concepts, the value of traditional puzzle games in preschool education has gained increasing recognition. This paper explores the significance, principles, and practical implementation approaches of integrating traditional puzzle games into early childhood education by analyzing their crucial role in children’s physical and mental development, intellectual cultivation, and cultural heritage preservation. The study reveals that traditional puzzle games not only stimulate children’s learning interest and enhance their hands-on abilities and social development but also help them understand local culture and strengthen cultural identity. However, challenges such as insufficient resources and limited teacher awareness persist in practical applications. Therefore, this paper proposes strategies such as resource integration, innovative game adaptation, and home-kindergarten collaboration to promote the effective incorporation of traditional puzzle games into preschool education.