This study explores the interactive relationship between campus cultural ecology and the comprehensive quality development of students from the perspective of “dual circulation drive.” Currently, there is a disconnection between campus cultural construction and student quality development, such as the monotonous form of cultural activities and the incomplete evaluation system, which urgently needs to be improved through the dual circulation mechanism. The article clarifies the core concepts of “dual circulation drive”, campus cultural ecology, and the comprehensive quality development of students, and constructs a theoretical framework based on ecosystem theory, collaborative education theory, and comprehensive development theory. Through the analysis of the current situation, it is found that there are problems such as unbalanced cultural supply, disconnection in evaluation, and the absence of interaction mechanisms. The article then constructs an interaction mechanism from both the internal circulation (spiritual, material, institutional, and behavioral culture) and the external circulation (mutual empowerment between culture and quality) perspectives.