Piano teaching in colleges and universities is an important way to cultivate students’ musical literacy and aesthetic ability. However, at present, due to problems such as a single teaching model, outdated curriculum settings, and students’ passive acceptance, students’ subjectivity is seriously lacking, which limits the quality of piano teaching and the role of aesthetic education. Against this research background, this paper analyzes the core reasons for the lack of students’ subjectivity in piano teaching in detail from the aspects of rigid teaching concepts, disconnection between curriculum content and students’ needs, insufficient interactivity of teaching methods, and lack of practical platforms. Furthermore, the paper puts forward targeted teaching reform strategies to construct a student-centered piano teaching paradigm and create a good environment for students’ learning initiative and creative development.