The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology in bridge engineering. During the research phase, based on literature collection and reading, as well as the analysis of bridge inspection materials, the principle of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology and its adaptability to bridge engineering are elaborated. Subsequently, starting from the preparation work before inspection until damage assessment, the entire process of ultrasonic non-destructive testing is studied, and finally, a technical system of ultrasonic non-destructive testing for bridge engineering that runs through the entire process is formed. It is hoped that this article can provide technical reference value for relevant units in China, and promote the high-quality development of China’s bridge engineering from a macro perspective.