The article deduces the concept of self-education that had been advocated by Laozi, the founder of Taoism, in his philosophy on aesthetic education. From the perspective of his philosophical thoughts, this article analyzes the inspiration and inheritance of “aesthetic” in the Chinese traditional culture based on the concept of self-education, discusses the similarities between the concept of self-education and beauty, as well as explores the internal relationship between self-education and aesthetic feeling so that the enlightenment and value of the concept of self-education in aesthetic education can be reflected and learnt.