Against the backdrop of China’s national development strategies and the construction of cultural confidence in the new era, the college English course undertakes a new mission of the times: cultivating students’ ability to effectively tell contemporary Chinese stories in English. Based on the concept of outcome-based education, this paper constructs a teaching design framework for Chinese college English with the core goal of “telling contemporary Chinese stories well.” It conducts systematic design from four core links—teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching implementation, and evaluation feedback—aiming to realize the organic integration of knowledge impartment, ability cultivation, and value guidance. This study provides a path reference for cultivating talents in the new era who possess cross-cultural communication competence and patriotism.