In response to the three major contradictions, safety, cognition, and ability cultivation, existing in the practical teaching of geological hazard courses, this paper proposes a “virtual-real integration” teaching reform scheme, using earthquake disasters as an example. By integrating digital twin technology and artificial intelligence technology, a four-layer teaching framework consisting of data layer, model layer, platform layer, and intelligent layer is constructed. Progressive teaching segments of “cognition-simulation-decision-making” are designed to establish a comprehensive training path from seismic geological survey to disaster early warning and decision-making. This scheme shifts the traditional field practice venue to a safe virtual environment, promotes students’ understanding of geological hazards from static fragments to dynamic processes, enhances their comprehensive decision-making ability in geological disaster prevention and mitigation, and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for cultivating interdisciplinary talents in geological hazard prevention.