Competition in science and technology is the core of the national game in the new era. The construction of science and technology education, as an important force to promote national strategic scientific and technological power, is highly valued by all countries. Three developed countries in science and technology, the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom, are the main research objects for analyzing their science and technology education. Domestic research on science and technology education mainly focuses on the theoretical and practical research of science and technology education activities. In the future, it is necessary to learn from the experience of foreign countries in the development of science and technology education, explore the localization of science and technology education activities, strengthen the top-level design of science and technology education, and highlight the strategic transformation of the trinity of “education, science and technology, and talents.”