With the continuous advancement of the internationalization of higher education in China, the Grade Point Average (GPA) has become a primary indicator for evaluating academic performance in universities, playing a positive role in educational management. However, as it is closely tied to students’ immediate interests, such as awards, exemptions from entrance exams for postgraduate recommendations, and domestic or international further education, certain new issues have emerged in its practical application. These problems have hindered the effective functioning of the GPA system, attracting widespread attention. This paper examines the origin, connotation, and theoretical assumptions of the GPA system, discusses its positive functions and existing challenges, and proposes recommendations for further improving academic evaluation.