Objective: To investigate the application effect of comprehensive thermoprotective nursing strategies in preventing unplanned hypothermia in surgical patients during the perioperative period, and to analyze the weak links and improvement directions in the temperature management process. Methods: A total of 286 patients undergoing elective surgery in a tertiary grade A hospital from January 2024 to June 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 143 cases in each group. The control group received routine temperature care, while the observation group carried out comprehensive measures such as preoperative risk assessment and pre-insulation, intraoperative active insulation and dynamic monitoring, and postoperative continuous insulation on this basis. Core body temperature changes, incidence of hypothermia, incidence of shivering, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery time, and incidence of surgical site infection were compared between the two groups. Results: The results showed that the core body temperature of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at 30 minutes, 60 minutes after the start of the operation, at the end of the operation and when entering the recovery room. The incidence of perioperative hypothermia and postoperative chills was significantly lower than that of the control group. The incidence of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery time and surgical site infection was better than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Comprehensive body temperature protection nursing measures can effectively maintain stable body temperature during the perioperative period, reduce the occurrence of hypothermia and hypotheria-related complications, promote postoperative recovery of patients, and provide a reference for the optimization of the operating room body temperature management process.