As one of the widely used medicinal herbs with both medicinal and dietary applications in China, Angelica sinensis offers the advantage of “nourishing without causing stagnation” and has a variety of pharmacological effects, making it commonly applied in clinical practice and research. In recent years, as both domestic and international scholars have delved deeper into Angelica sinensis, its extensive pharmacological effects have garnered attention across various sectors of society. To date, Angelica sinensis has been shown to possess functions such as hematopoiesis, anti-inflammation, pain relief, anti-tumor effects, and immune enhancement. It is frequently employed to address conditions like intestinal dryness, constipation, vertigo, and palpitations. Additionally, Angelica sinensis has demonstrated significant potential and distinct therapeutic advantages in disease intervention, functional food development, and drug innovation. This review focuses on the pharmacological effects of Angelica sinensis, aiming to provide valuable scientific insights for its clinical application, drug innovation, and target development.