With the advent of the era of “Internet plus New Medical Science,” the teaching mode for pathology courses in colleges and universities faces unprecedented opportunities for transformation. In this context, a pathology teaching model centered on theoretical explanations alone can no longer fully meet the demands of modern medical education. Therefore, it is essential to study and explore pathways for reforming pathology teaching in higher education within the framework of “Internet plus New Medical Science.” Research reveals a series of issues in current pathology teaching in universities, such as the uneven distribution of teaching resources, limited teaching methods, a disconnect between theory and practice, and incomplete evaluation systems. To address these challenges, universities should adopt a series of measures: optimizing resource allocation, innovating teaching methods and approaches, strengthening the integration of theory and practice, enhancing evaluation systems, and building robust teaching teams. These reforms aim to stimulate students’ interest in learning and improve the effectiveness of pathology instruction.