Objective: To explore the clinical effects of neurology nursing during the rehabilitation process of stroke patients. Methods: A total of 80 inpatients with stroke, admitted between July 2023 and July 2024, were selected for the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 40 patients each. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the study group was provided with neurology nursing. The nursing outcomes of the two groups were compared in terms of: (1) rehabilitation progress, (2) nursing satisfaction, (3) psychological status, and (4) self-care ability. Results: The nursing efficacy and satisfaction rates in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Pre-intervention psychological scores showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Post-intervention, negative emotions in both groups were alleviated, with the study group showing greater improvement compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the self-care ability scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Neurology nursing during the rehabilitation process of stroke patients demonstrated ideal clinical effects, positively contributing to patient recovery, alleviating negative psychological states, and proving beneficial for promotion.