As the energy transition accelerates toward low-carbon development, smart microgrids, serving as the core infrastructure for efficient distributed energy integration, face dual challenges of renewable energy volatility and dynamic load complexity. Energy storage systems, through their power balance and energy time-shifting capabilities, form the foundation for stable system operation, with their performance relying on precise monitoring by battery management systems (BMS) and supported by information-based data communication technologies. This paper focuses on BMS security management, multi-objective dynamic scheduling, and cross-protocol communication technologies, aiming to address the coordination challenges of economic viability, reliability, and environmental sustainability under high renewable energy integration, thereby providing theoretical support and practical pathways for next-generation power systems.