This paper takes the 73-year technological development of MCC Coking & Refractories Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. (abbreviated as MCC Coking & Refractories) as the research object. As a leading enterprise in the field of coking and refractory engineering technology, MCC Coking & Refractories has undergone a 73-year development journey since its establishment in 1953. The evolution of its design theories and practices reflects the complete trajectory of China’s coking industry from technology introduction and independent innovation to global expansion. The paper systematically reviews the historical development and practical achievements of its professional design theories in coking and refractories. The study reveals that MCC Coking & Refractories’ design theories have gone through four stages: initial absorption of imported technologies, independent exploration during the growth phase, technological breakthroughs in the maturity phase, and green intelligent transformation during the transition phase. These stages have formed unique technical characteristics centered on furnace structure innovation, based on refractory material research and development, and aimed at energy conservation and emission reduction. Through an in-depth analysis of this historical process, the paper elucidates the internal logic of its design theory evolution, summarizes its implications for the development of the coking industry, and aims to provide references for engineering technology history research and future industry development.