Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, primarily affecting the tongue, gingiva, oral cavity, buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth. It exhibits high rates of recurrence and metastasis, contributing to a poor prognosis for patients. Identifying molecular markers associated with OSCC holds significant value for advancing its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Exosome Component 3 (EXOSC3) is a protein-coding gene involved in the auto-degradation of E3 ubiquitin ligase COP 1 and rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytoplasmic sol. This gene plays a crucial role in diseases such as colon cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that EXOSC3 expression is significantly elevated in OSCC and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicate that EXOSC3 is strongly linked to the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis demonstrated a significant association between EXOSC3 expression and immune cell subset infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint expression, underscoring its importance in OSCC. However, further research is required to elucidate the specific role of EXOSC3 in OSCC diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms of EXOSC3 in OSCC may reveal new potential targets for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.

口腔鳞状细胞癌（Oral squamous cell carcinoma，OSCC）是口腔颌面部最常见的恶性肿瘤，主要发生在舌、牙龈、口腔、颊粘膜和口底等部位。它具有高度复发性和转移性，导致患者预后不良。因此，寻找与口腔鳞状细胞癌相关的分子标志物对口腔鳞状细胞癌的诊断、治疗和预后具有重要意义。Exosome Component 3是一种蛋白质编码基因，与E3泛素连接酶COP 1的自身降解以及rRNA在细胞核和细胞质溶胶中的加工有关，在结肠癌和非小细胞肺癌中发挥重要作用。通过生物信息学，我们发现EXOSC 3在OSCC中的表达显著增加，并且与患者预后不良相关。GO和KEGG富集分析显示EXOSC 3与细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、Toll样受体信号通路和JAK-STAT信号通路显著相关。此外，免疫浸润分析显示，EXOSC 3与免疫细胞亚群的浸润和免疫检查点的表达显著相关，突出了EXOSC 3在OSCC中的重要性。然而，需要进一步的研究来确定EXOSC 3对口腔鳞癌诊断和治疗的具体影响。这将有助于我们全面了解EXOSC 3在OSCC中的作用机制，为OSCC的诊断和治疗提供新的潜在靶点。