The integration of Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of malignant tumors is becoming increasingly widespread. By combining modern medical technology with traditional Chinese medicine, this approach enhances therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects. This paper reviews the principles and mechanisms of integrated therapy and analyzes its clinical applications and advantages. Studies indicate that this approach is effective in treating common malignancies such as lung, stomach, and liver cancer, especially in slowing tumor progression, relieving symptoms, and improving patients’ quality of life. Chemotherapy combined with Chinese medicine has shown positive effects on survival rates and immune function. However, limitations remain, including insufficient clinical trial data and differences in efficacy across different cancer types, necessitating further high-quality studies. Overall, integrated Chinese and Western medicine offers advantages such as reduced side effects, improved survival rates, and enhanced immune function, providing a comprehensive treatment strategy and a theoretical foundation for its clinical application.