With the continuous advancement of the rural revitalization strategy, problems in the agricultural production process have increasingly emerged, and agricultural management faces a series of challenges such as coarse management, insufficient risk resistance, and low resource utilization efficiency. This paper analyzes the prominent issues in current agricultural development from three dimensions: production management, agricultural machinery and equipment, and land resources. Examples include land fragmentation limiting large-scale operations, low levels of agricultural machinery intelligence, and land quality degradation as restrictive bottlenecks. Through the analysis of these issues, this paper further explores how refined management can improve agricultural production efficiency, ensure food security, and promote high-quality agricultural development. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes an analytical framework of “production management—technical equipment—resource base” for addressing three-dimensional dilemmas and, on this basis, constructs three types of collaborative pathways: “element integration—equipment upgrading—resource protection.” It emphasizes the continuous integration of data elements (agricultural condition data, operation data, and input data) throughout the entire process, forming a closed-loop management mechanism of “monitoring—decision-making—execution—evaluation.” Through measures such as land resource integration and standardized production, intelligent R&D of agricultural machinery and improvement of management systems, and cultivated land protection and sustainable use, these initiatives will effectively enhance agricultural production efficiency, ensure food security, and promote high-quality agricultural development. The paper indicates that building a refined management model with full-element collaboration is an important path for improving agricultural production efficiency and ensuring national food security.