Land resources constitute a vital foundation for socioeconomic development, and their rational development and efficient utilization are crucial for achieving sustainable development. A sound rural land management system can effectively address current issues of resource constraints and wastage, promote rational land use, and provide institutional support for implementing the rural revitalization strategy. Based on this, the article examines the importance of improving rural land management systems for rational land resource utilization, systematically analyzes existing operational challenges, and proposes practical approaches to enhance these systems. The study aims to offer theoretical references and practical guidance for advancing market-oriented allocation of rural land resources, safeguarding farmers’ land rights, and facilitating comprehensive rural revitalization.