A coal seam water injection wettability enhancer was developed through surfactant compounding to enhance water injection and dust suppression in underground coal seams of coal mines. The enhancer, comprising an anionic surfactant (SAS-60) and a nonionic surfactant (APG), was evaluated for its impact on the wettability of Hongliulin bituminous coal using surface tension, contact angle, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests. The results revealed that the surface tension of the coal seam water injection wetting agent (AS) was 26.51 mN/m with a contact angle of 26.66°. Furthermore, AS demonstrated superior wetting properties by exhibiting optimal peak area and percentage of hydroxyl structures, thereby significantly enhancing the wetting properties of coal dust. These findings offer valuable insights for mitigating coal mine dust and developing effective coal seam water injection wettability enhancers.