Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report and Literature Review

¹ Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China.,

UR 2025 , 3(4), 9–15; https://doi.org/10.26689/ur.v3i4.13538

© 2025 by the Authors. Licensee Whioce Publishing, Singapore. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment methods for primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. Methods: The clinical course of a patient with primary inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma admitted to our department in September 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. Combined with a literature review, the clinical characteristics of inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma were summarized. Results: The patient recovered smoothly after radical resection. However, follow-up examination at six months postoperatively revealed local tumor recurrence and hepatic metastasis. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, the patient promptly commenced treatment at the oncology center with epirubicin (50 mg/m²) and ifosfamide (2500 mg/m²). Nevertheless, severe side effects, such as hepatotoxicity, hindered timely drug administration, and the patient was lost to follow-up after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Radical surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment for patients with inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma. However, for tumor recurrence and metastasis, a comprehensive treatment approach incorporating chemotherapy may be more effective in improving patient survival rates.

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