The internationalization of higher vocational education has become a new normal with the development of economic globalization. It has brought new opportunities for the economic development of countries along the route and has provided new ideas for the internationalization of vocational colleges under “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Curriculum internationalization is not only an important part of education internationalization, but also the key to raising the quality of talent training. Taking Hunan’s vocational colleges as examples, this study explores the construction of the curriculum system for international talent training under the “One Belt, One Road” initiative.