Undergraduate vocational education is becoming increasingly important in developing modern economy and technology, especially the key role of mathematics courses as a fundamental discipline in cultivating applied talents. The evaluation system of undergraduate vocational mathematics education mostly adopts a single final examination model, which does not fully reflect the students’ practical ability, innovative thinking and vocational skill needs. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to establish a diversified evaluation system. This system should focus on students’ comprehensive skills, including problem-solving, teamwork and self-directed learning, to promote the integration of mathematical knowledge with practical career needs. Research has shown that the multidimensional nature of evaluation and the establishment of feedback mechanisms can effectively motivate students, improve learning outcomes and ultimately promote the quality of undergraduate vocational education.