The purpose of this study is (1) To study the composition and influencing factors of students’ leadership ability in Shenyang City University; (2) To establish the influence model of parental rearing style, activity involvement and self-concept factors on the leadership ability of Shenyang City University students; (3) To analyze the influence of parenting style, activity involvement and self-concept on students’ leadership ability. The research design adopted in this study is a quantitative investigation. A stratified random sampling method was used to sample 1120 undergraduate students from the School of Intelligence and Engineering of Shenyang City University, excluding the first-year students. At least 453 students were asked to answer the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory component analysis (CFA) and structural equation model analysis (SEM) were used for data analysis. The results show that (1) The components of student leadership are charisma, foresight, influence, control and decision-making; (2) After modifying the measurement model, the model fits well with the empirical data; (3) Parental style, activity involvement and self-concept have a positive impact on students’ leadership ability; (4) Parental style and activity involvement have a partial indirect impact on students’ leadership ability, and self-concept has an intermediary effect on students’ leadership ability.