The core goal of English teaching is to cultivate comprehensive and applied talents with solid English language foundation, strong language application ability, as well as certain humanistic and social science literacy, critical thinking ability, innovation ability and self-development ability. The core approach to achieving this teaching goal lies in strengthening students’ cultural identity. With the rapid development of science and technology, globalization has become an irresistible trend of the times. Through advanced information technology and developed mass media, different cultures around the world are accelerating exchanges and integration, placing us in a complex multicultural environment. Taking cultural identity as the research entry point, this paper, based on a practical problem-oriented perspective, explores students’ cognitive understanding and value orientation towards their mother tongue, target language, and their surface and deep cultures, and then proposes targeted development strategies. It aims to help English majors form rational cognition and value judgment of the two types of cultures, and promote the optimization and improvement of English education quality.