Against the macro background of China’s march towards high-quality development, mental health education for secondary vocational students is facing new challenges and opportunities. Based on the new ecology of collaborative education involving families, schools, and society, this study addresses the current problems in secondary vocational mental health education, such as static early warning mechanisms, insufficient peer support systems, and single-form activities, and proposes and systematically constructs the “Four-Line Mental Health Education” model. This model takes strengthening the early warning and intervention network as the foundation, building a peer support platform as the path, constructing a mental health curriculum system as the support, and creating characteristic practical activities as the strategy. The four lines work in coordination, aiming to provide a systematic, dynamic, and interconnected educational model for mental health education in secondary vocational schools and shape students’ positive psychological qualities and sound personalities.