With the rapid development of cloud computing technology, computer-related majors in higher vocational colleges have gradually set up cloud computing courses, among which Shell programming teaching is an important link to train students’ practical ability. This paper analyzes the current situation of Shell programming teaching in cloud computing courses in higher vocational colleges, discusses the difficulties encountered by students in Shell programming learning, and puts forward the corresponding teaching methods and practical strategies. The teaching mode of “theory explanation + case analysis + project practice” is put forward. Through the practice links of cloud platform construction, image construction and cloud host construction application, students can combine theoretical knowledge with practical operation to improve students’ hands-on ability and problem solving ability. This paper also explores ways to enhance teaching quality and stimulate students’ interest in learning through teaching reforms, as well as how to strengthen practical skills training by fostering school-enterprise collaboration. The research results show that through the implementation of the above teaching methods and practical strategies, the ability of cloud computing major students in Shell programming can improve and it can train qualified technical talents for cloud computing industry.