Anatomy is the foundation of medical science and the bridge between basic medical courses and clinical courses. Its content is complex, filled with numerous difficult-to-understand medical terms, which pose great challenges to students’ learning. In the context of the Internet, colleges and universities should focus on optimizing teaching with the help of Internet platforms, establish a systematic anatomical framework, reduce students’ learning difficulties, and improve their learning outcomes. Based on this, this paper conducts research on the teaching reform of college anatomy courses in the Internet era. It expounds on its positive role in teaching reform, analyzes the existing problems in current teaching, and proposes specific optimization strategies, aiming to promote the adaptation of college anatomy teaching to the development needs of the Internet era.