As the top priority of college English teaching, grammar teaching is closely related to the improvement of students’ language ability. The context theory requires teachers to guide students to flexibly apply and master grammar in specific contexts, which is the key to ensuring the accuracy and appropriateness of language understanding and expression. Against this backdrop, this paper will first briefly expound on the advantages of applying the context theory to college English grammar teaching. Secondly, it will explore the basic principles of college English grammar teaching under the context theory. Finally, it will conduct an in-depth study on the effective strategies for the innovation of college English grammar teaching under the context theory, aiming to better cultivate students’ language sense and improve their pragmatic ability. Meanwhile, it provides useful references for the innovation of college English grammar teaching.