Against the backdrop of the new era, mental health issues among college students in the higher education stage have become increasingly prominent. These issues are not only related to the personal growth of students but also affect the quality of national talent cultivation and the harmonious development of society. Therefore, this study focuses on the current mental health problems of students in the higher education environment. A systematic analysis method was adopted to examine various factors contributing to this phenomenon from multiple perspectives, such as academic pressure, interpersonal relationships, and self-cognition. To address this problem, a series of practical strategies was proposed, aiming to provide guidance for colleges and universities, help students establish a positive mental state, and enhance their coping abilities. It is expected that these efforts will effectively improve students’ mental health, promote their all-round and healthy growth and development, and at the same time contribute to building a harmonious society.