Because of the abstract ideas and strict logical reasoning involved in advanced mathematics courses, students in vocational and technical education often find them hard to understand and master. As a result, they need systematic learning methods and strategies. This paper, based on Cognitive Load Theory, examines the sources of cognitive load in advanced mathematics courses and offers specific learning strategies for students in vocational and technical education. It emphasizes managing intrinsic cognitive load, reducing extraneous cognitive load, and enhancing germane cognitive load. The paper recommends that teachers and students adopt approaches such as tiered instruction, optimized teaching, situated learning, habit formation, collaborative learning, and diverse assessments to boost learning efficiency and teaching effectiveness. By combining theoretical insights with practical advice, this study provides college educators and students with a scientifically supported, practical pedagogical approach and a set of learning strategies. This approach not only improves students’ performance in advanced mathematics but also strengthens their independent learning skills and creative thinking.