The teaching staff is the primary resource of higher vocational colleges, and improving teachers’ professional competence is the fundamental guarantee for the high-quality development of higher vocational colleges. Taking the Teaching Competence Competition of the National Vocational College Skills Competition as the background and provincial competitions as the empirical case, this paper explores the gap between the current situation of higher vocational college teachers and their development goals, as well as the significance and role of the Teaching Competence Competition in promoting the professional development of higher vocational college teachers. Based on the alignment points and common goal pursuits of the Teaching Competence Competition and the professional development of higher vocational college teachers, the paper puts forward strategies to boost the professional development of higher vocational college teachers, targeting at two aspects: exploring the “three key points” to promote development and gathering the “three forces” to ensure quality and efficiency.