Facing the demand for cultivating high-level engineering talents under the background of the new industrialization, the reform of postgraduate engineering education is in urgent need of solving the practical dilemma of “structural mismatch between the training supply side and the industrial demand side”. Based on postgraduate education and teaching reform projects and the theoretical framework of “Demand Signal Transmission - Resource Collaborative Allocation - Capacity Iterative Evolution”, this study proposes a collaborative education mechanism featuring “demand orientation, multi-subject collaboration and dynamic feedback”, and constructs a practical closed loop of “enterprise-proposed topics - university-solved problems - joint acceptance” with enterprise technological research projects as the carrier. The study further puts forward the implementation path of “curriculum system reconstruction + project-based practice + enterprise tutor system”, supported by institutional guarantees such as the “modular + project-based” teaching organization mode, practice achievement credit system, enterprise tutor evaluation weight system and university-enterprise joint evaluation committee, to realize the transformation of postgraduate training quality from “result-oriented academic output” to “dual capability orientation of academic and engineering competence”. This research provides operable mechanism design and path reference for local engineering colleges and universities to promote the collaborative education of postgraduate outstanding engineers in industrial agglomeration areas.