With the continuous penetration of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields, a large number of new work scenarios have emerged. The growing demand for data in various industries means that society needs more professional talents proficient in big data technology to meet new challenges and opportunities, making this major one of the most popular majors. To improve the quality of talent training in the big data major, many colleges and universities have actively introduced enterprises into campuses, carried out cooperation, and promoted teaching reforms. However, there are still problems such as superficial school-enterprise cooperation and insufficient scenario adaptability. Based on this, this paper discusses the existing problems in the teaching of the higher vocational big data major, proposes the construction of a three-dimensional teaching space of “digital classroom - virtual classroom - enterprise classroom”, and explores and designs the “three-training and three-stage” project-based teaching model. It aims to improve students’ professional skills and vocational literacy, and provide a promotable paradigm for the teaching reform of the higher vocational big data major.