In response to the current teaching dilemmas in ideological and political (I&P) courses in colleges and universities, constructing a “theme–process–outcome” chain-driven mechanism has become a key path to empower ideological and political education. In terms of the educational paradigm, the theme layer anchors the value orientation, the process layer deepens practical understanding, and the outcome layer realizes value sublimation and feedback, forming a closed educational loop that integrates knowledge and action. In terms of practical paths, a four-in-one guarantee system of “top-level design – implementation paths – resource support – evaluation optimization” is adopted to ensure the effective implementation of the mechanism. This model aims to break the boundary between the classroom and society, realize the resonance of knowledge imparting and value shaping, and provide operable theoretical support and practical plans for the construction of “great ideological and political courses” in colleges and universities in the new era.