Ages 0–3 are a critical period for infants’ psychological development. An imbalance between “teaching” and “nurturing” has become a common phenomenon in the field of infants’ early development, which has seriously affected the all-round healthy development of infants’ psychological development. From the disciplinary perspective of child psychological development and guided by vocational education, this paper systematically analyzes the core relationship between “teaching” and “nurturing” as symbiotic, complementary and dialectically unified. It explains the synergistic mechanism of the two in infants’ psychological development, analyzes their core manifestations and negative impacts, and then puts forward practical optimization paths, so as to lay a solid foundation for getting rid of the dilemma of educational imbalance and promoting the high-quality development of infants.